Tongue Twister (2)

Ucapkanlah kalimat di bawah ini berkali-kali, mulai dengan speed terlambat hingga speed tercepat!

I thought a thought. But the thought I thought wasn't the thought I thought I thought. If the thought I thought I thought had been the thought I thought, I wouldn't have thought so much.

Petunjuk:
Huruf th pada kata thought diucapkan seperti kata tsumma atau tsalaatsa dalam bahasa Arab. Jadi huruf tersebut bukanlah diucapkan seperti huruf t atau s, tetapi antara t dan s. Bunyinya agak berdesis. Letakkan ujung lidah Anda pada gigi bagian atas.

Adverb Clause

Adverb Clause adalah klausa yang berfungsi sebagai adverbia. Adverb clause dimulai dengan konjungsi yang tergolong dalam subordinating conjunctions.

Macam-macam adverb clauses:

1. Adverb clause of time (Klausa adverbia yang menyatakan waktu)

Contoh:

When I was reading an English book, my friend came.

I’ll tell you as soon as I know.

You may play after you have finished doing your homework.

They’ve moved house four times since they got married.

I’ll wait for you here till you get back.

2. Adverb clause of place (Klausa adverbia yang menyatakan tempat)

Contoh:

You may go wherever you like.

Wherever you are, I’ll be able to find you.

I’ll go where I can find true happiness.

3. Adverb clause of reason ((Klausa adverbia yang menyatakan alasan)

Contoh:

Rani doesn’t go to school because she is sick.

Since it’s raining so heavily, I can’t go out.

As I wasn’t there, I didn’t know what had happened.

4. Adverb clause of manner (Klausa adverbia yang menyatakan cara)

Contoh:

Do as I ask you to do.

The braggart talks as if he knew everything.

He behaves as though he owned the place.

5. Adverb clause of contrast/concession (Klausa adverbia yang menyatakan pertentangan)

Contoh:

He is still poor although he has worked so hard.

Even though I don’t have much money, I will try to help him.

No matter what you do, don’t press this button.

6. Adverb clause of condition (Klausa adverbia yang menyatakan syarat)

Contoh:

You’ll succeed if you do your best.

If I were a bird, I would fly.

You won’t be rich unless you work hard.

You can borrow my book provided you return it soon.

7. Adverb clause of result (Klausa adverbia yang menyatakan akibat)

Contoh:

She is so short that she can’t become a stewardess.

She studies so hard that she is successful in her study.

Mr. Hasan spoke for such a long time that people began to fall asleep.

8. Adverb clause of purpose (Klausa adverbia yang menyatakan tujuan)

Contoh:

Susan takes a computer lesson in order that she can get a job easily.

People eat nutritious food so that they will keep healthy.

She puts the milk in the refrigerator so that it doesn’t spoil.

9. Adverb clause of comparison (Klausa adverbia yang menyatakan perbandingan)

Contoh:

Johan can speak English as fluently as his teacher.

He works harder than he can.

An elephant is stronger than a rabbit.

Adjective Clause

Adjective clause adalah klausa yang berfungsi sebagai adjektiva. Seperti telah kita ketahui, adjektiva adalah kata yang menerangkan nomina. Jadi, adjective clause juga berfungsi demikian, yaitu memberi keterangan pada nomina.

Adjective clause dimulai dengan relative pronoun atau relative adverb.

Berikut ini beberapa contoh adjective clause:

Adjective clause dengan relative pronoun
Contoh:
The man who is sitting over there is my father.
The book which you bought yesterday is very interesting.
This is the place that I visited some years ago.
Mr. Bambang whose son is my friend is presenting a paper in a seminar.

Adjective clause dengan relative adverb
Contoh:
This is the reason why she did it.
The time when the plane takes off and lands will be changed soon.
Palembang is the place where I was born.

Dalam contoh-contoh di atas bisa kita lihat bahwa adjective clause tersebut menerangkan nomina yang ada di depannya (antecedent).
Misalnya:
Adjective clause who is sitting over there menerangkan nomina the man.
Adjective clause why she did it menerangkan nomina the reason.

Noun Clause

Noun clause adalah klausa yang berfungsi sebagai nomina. Karena fungsinya sebagai nomina, maka noun clause dapat menduduki posisi-posisi berikut:

1. Subjek kalimat (subject of a sentence)
2. Objek verba transitif (object of a transitive verb)
3. Objek preposisi (object of a preposition)
4. Pelengkap (complement)
5. Pemberi keterangan tambahan (noun in apposition)

Untuk lebih jelasnya, perhatikanlah contoh-contoh di bawah ini!

Noun clause sebagai subjek kalimat

Contoh:

What you said doesn’t convince me at all.

How he becomes so rich makes people curious.

What the salesman has said is untrue.

That the world is round is a fact.

Noun clause sebagai objek verba transitif

Contoh:

I know what you mean.

I don’t understand what he is talking about.

He said that his son would study in Australia.

Verba yang dapat diikuti noun clause dalam hal ini that-clause antara lain adalah:

admit : mengakui

realize : menyadari

announce : mengumumkan

recommend : menganjurkan

believe : percaya

remember : ingat

deny : menyangkal

reveal : menyatakan, mengungkapkan

expect : mengharapkan

say : mengatakan

find : menemukan

see : melihat

forget : lupa

stipulate : menetapkan

hear : mendengar

suggest : menganjurkan

inform : memberitahukan

suppose : mengira

know : tahu, mengetahui

think : pikir, berpendapat

promise : berjanji

understand : mengerti

propose : mengusulkan

wish : ingin, berharap

Noun clause sebagai objek preposisi

Contoh:

Please listen to what your teacher is saying.

Budi pays full attention to how the native speaker is pronouncing the English

word.

Be careful of what you’re doing.

Noun clause sebagai pelegkap

Contoh:

The good news is that the culprit has been put into the jail.

This is what I want.

That is what you need.

Noun clause sebagai noun in apposition

Contoh:

The idea that people can live without oxygen is unreasonable.

The fact that Rudi always comes late doesn’t surprise me.

Tongue Twister (1)

She sells seashell by the seashore.

Ucapkanlah kalimat di atas berkali-kali dari speed terlambat hingga speed tercepat.

Petunjuk pengucapan:
Huruf s pada kata sells dan sea diucapkan s yang sama seperti dalam bahasa Indonesia sapi dan senyum.
Huruf sh pada kata she, shell, dan shore diucapkan agak tebal. Pengucapannya sama seperti dalam kata-kata bahasa Indonesia syukur atau musyawarah.

Selamat berlatih!

Sentences

COMPOUND SENTENCE

is a sentence which contains two or more independent clauses.

A compound sentence is connected by using coordinating conjunctions, such as and, or, but, so.

e.g.:

I am repairing a computer and my brother is watching TV.

She likes fried chicken but I like pizza.

COMPLEX SENTENCE

is a sentence which contains one independent clause and one or more dependent clause(s).

A complex sentence is connected by using subordinating conjunctions, such as when, while, if, although, because, as, after, before, until, or by using relative pronouns and relative adverbs, such as who, which, that, when, where.

These connective words can express time, cause, condition, concession (contrast), or identification.

e.g.:

They couldn't go out because it was raining cats and dogs.

When I came to her house, she was watering the flowers.

COMPOUND-COMPLEX SENTENCE

is a sentence which contains one or more independent clause(s) and one or more dependent clause(s).

e.g.:

When I came to Susan's house, she was watering the flowers and her father was weeding the grass.

The man who stole my car was arrested, but her friend escaped.

Popular Proverb (2)

Make hay while the sun shines.

Sedia payung sebelum hujan.